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The energy located in the bowels of the Earth is called geothermal. If the water body is covered with ice in the cold season, its deep state will remain the same, and the same applies to the soil and groundwater.
The temperature index of the bottom soil is always the same, regardless of the weather. Whether it's freezing outside or it's a hot day, the temperature of water and land 1-2 m deep always remains the same.
Geothermal heat pumps https://santehsklad.com.ua/teplovye-nasosy/teplovye-nasosy-geotermalnye.html represent an energy-efficient technological installation that uses heat received from an external source (reservoir, groundwater, lake, land, other natural resources). With its help, the functioning of the heating system, hot water supply, air conditioning is ensured.
Advantages
An important difference between a heat pump and other heating systems is that the energy it uses in its work is wasted not by heating the coolant or burning fuel, but by compression and transfer of low-potential scattered heat. This allows you to get up to 1 kW of energy from every 4 kW used by this electricity system. The high level of use of geothermal heat pumps has no competitors among its analogues.
Application
The pump is used to enable heating of houses equipped with a special heating system.
Principle of operation
A geothermal type heat pump performs the function of heating using the reverse Carnot cycle, and air conditioning using the Carnot cycle.
In the external circuit of the pump there are radiators and pipelines, and inside them there is a non-freezing liquid substance, which is an active heat carrier.
The operation of the pump is based on the ability of gases to heat during compression, and heat transfer (cooling) during expansion.
The cooled coolant is fed into the pipeline. The pipe lies deep in the soil (or at the bottom of the reservoir). The heat carrier receives geothermal energy and supplies it to the inside of the heat exchanger to return heat energy to the internal circuit.
The gas goes to the compressor. The refrigerant is compressed, which increases its temperature. After that, it goes into the condenser and transfers heat to the coolant. Then it turns from gas to liquid again and is sent to the pipeline. A cooling mode is provided.
System
The design consists of two heat exchange devices, the evaporator, which collects low-potential heat from the outer part of the circuit, and the condenser, which provides thermal energy.
Geothermal pumps, types
1. Compression - low-potential heat is compressed mechanically. To use the compressor, electricity, natural gas, diesel or biofuel is required.
2. Sorptive - absorb liquids or substances in a gaseous state. Combustible fuel or another heat source is used.
Installation Methods
Horizontal
This is an economical option if the available land is of sufficient area. The collector is placed at a depth of at least 1,2 m.
Vertical
Trebuchet for vertical pipeline installation. A well with a depth of no more than 200 meters is required.
Water
Does not require large installation costs. It is used near a reservoir located near the house.
Advantages of using geothermal heat energy
– reduction of energy costs;
– safety of use for people and the environment;
– simple management method and high efficiency, huge stock;
- used both for heating and cooling the premises.
