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Speech therapists-defectologists eliminate problems related to the development of speech, thinking and behavior. These specialists work with children experiencing difficulties in communication and help them adapt in society, develop communication skills and self-confidence.
They use different methods and approaches to ensure an approach to each child. Their work includes the definition of violations, the development and implementation of correctional programs, as well as the training of parents. It is important to note that their role is not limited to speech problems — they are also involved in the development of cognitive skills.
Causes and consequences
Dysarthria, alalia, dyslexia and stuttering are among the main problems of speech development in children. These disorders can occur for various reasons, including genetic predisposition, neuropsychological features, and environmental influences. For example, lack of communication in early childhood, head injuries or somatic diseases can negatively affect speech development.
The consequences of such violations can be very serious. Children with speech problems often experience difficulties in learning, which can lead to lower self-esteem and social isolation. They may experience difficulties in communicating with their peers, which affects their emotional state. If you do not seek help from a speech therapist-defectologist, these problems can persist in adolescence and adulthood, making social interactions and professional activities difficult.
Speech disorders: types and their influence on communication
Speech and language disorders represent a wide range of problems related to speech and communication. The main types of such disorders include stuttering, dysarthria, rhinolalia, and alalia. Each of these disorders can significantly affect the child's social adaptation, self-esteem and ability to interact with others. For example, children with stuttering may experience difficulties in communicating with their peers, which may lead to isolation and the development of complexes. It is important to note that early diagnosis and intervention of specialists in the field of speech therapy and defectology are crucial for the successful correction of such disorders.
Dyslexia and dysgraphia
Dyslexia and dysgraphia are specific disorders that make reading and writing difficult, respectively. Speech-language pathologists apply individual approaches, using special techniques aimed at developing graphomotor skills. For example, lessons with a defectologist they can include auditory perception games, exercises to develop memory and attention, as well as exercises in writing letters and words. Specialists create a motivating atmosphere that helps children overcome fears and insecurities associated with completing school assignments.
Phonetic and phonemic disorders
These disorders can be manifested in the incorrect pronunciation of sounds, problems with distinguishing sounds and forming speech units. To work with such problems, speech therapists use a variety of methods, including articulatory gymnastics, games to develop phonemic hearing and visual memory, as well as classes to enrich vocabulary. The use of game elements in education not only makes the lessons interesting, but also contributes to better learning of the material, which ultimately contributes to the improvement of the child's verbal skills and his confidence in communication.
Social and emotional aspects of impaired speech are also important in the work of speech and language therapists. Children with speech disorders often face difficulties in establishing contact with others, which can lead to insecurity and fear of communication. Specialists help children not only to develop speech skills, but also to form a positive attitude towards themselves, and also teach them to cope with negative emotions associated with speech problems. An important aspect of correctional work is the creation of a comfortable and supportive atmosphere in which children can openly express their thoughts and feelings, which contributes to their social adaptation and the formation of self-confidence.
In addition, speech and language therapists actively interact with other specialists to ensure a comprehensive approach. Joint work with other professionals allows you to take into account all aspects of development, including emotional state, cognitive abilities and physical health. Such an interdisciplinary approach significantly increases the effectiveness of programs and makes it possible to delve deeper into the peculiarities of each child, which ultimately helps to achieve better results in the correction of speech and communication disorders.
