How to choose a pump for a well: types and technical characteristics

In a country house or country house, for water supply from a well, you need to buy an electric pump. Electropumps are also used if you pump not too clean well water (it can be with silt and particles of mud) for watering the garden or there is a need to pump out a sewage well.

How to choose water pump for a well? In fact, the choice should be based on many factors: the depth of the reservoir, its diameter, the distance of water supply, as well as the degree of contamination of the liquid in the well.

Types of well pumps

To choose a pump, first measure the distance to the surface of the water.

• If the indicator is less than 8 meters, you can safely use an ordinary surface pump. They are cheaper, but do not work with a large depth.
• If the distance to the water mirror is more than 8 meters (and this is the vast majority of wells), then your choice is a submersible pump. These are the types of pumps that work directly in the water, at a great depth.

The choice of a submersible pump for a well is largely determined by whether the water is clean or dirty. Submersible pumps are represented by several types:

1. A centrifugal pump is suitable for clean water supplied to the house. This unit has an impeller that creates a centrifugal force during rotation. Its productivity is 2-3 times higher than that of other types, but the water must be clean. A filter is installed on the inlet pipe, it retains impurities up to 5 mm (small grains of sand), but larger mud will damage the pump part.
2. The best pump for a well with contaminated water is an auger pump. It is also called screw due to the fact that the mechanism of the pump part is represented by a screw. It pulls dirty water very well, although it is inferior to centrifugal in terms of performance.
3. A powerful vibrating pump is also suitable for pumping out dirty water or washing a well or well. The vibrating type is very simple and inexpensive, but when it works, strong vibrations are created, silt and mud rise from the bottom. If you plan to supply water at home, you need to install an effective filter system.
4. Often, for a small house or cottage, a well pump of the vortex type is also used. It creates a good pressure over a short distance, but the productivity of the ego is small.

How to calculate technical characteristics

When determining which submersible pump for a well is best, you need to collect and analyze the following data:

The diameter of the pump should be 2-3 centimeters smaller than the diameter of the well itself.

The maximum pressure head is the supply of water under pressure to the highest point of the intake. Pressure is measured in bars. One bar will supply water 10 meters in height and 100 meters horizontally. The calculation sums up:

• The depth of immersion (at what depth is the pump, it should be at least a meter to the bottom of the well), for example, 20 m.
• The distance to the water mirror is 10 m.

We get 30 meters vertically. This is already 3 bars of pressure. It is 40 meters horizontally to the house (another polbara) and 5 meters to the second floor (another polbara). The required pressure of the pump is not less than 4 bar and the pressure height is about 40 meters (with reserve).

In order to calculate the power of the pump for the well and its required performance, we add up the number of water intake points in the house (taps, toilet, shower, washing machine, etc.). The average rate of water consumption is about 10 liters per minute. If there are 10 such points, then the productivity is 100 liters per minute. This number, of course, is overestimated, since all water consumption points do not work at the same time. Ego must be multiplied by the reducing factor of 0,8. We will get 80 liters per minute. In cubic meters at a time, this is 4-5 cubes. Such performance is given by a pump with an engine power of 0,8-1 kW. It is better to choose this capacity for water supply at home.