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Most often, injuries occur as a result of an impact with an object larger than five centimeters. Isolated injuries are rarely observed, so they are combined. Factors of influence include: softening and violation of the integrity of tissues, blood vessels; an increase in intraorbital pressure, which is measured in children children's eye diagnostics and decompression of structures.
Eyelid injury.
They are characterized by bleeding and tears. The time of occurrence of hematoma is important for diagnosis. Its formation after a couple of hours indicates that blood is passing from the orbital hematoma to the eyelid. After a day or more - probable evidence of a violation of the integrity of the base of the skull. This is characterized by the appearance of eye symptoms - the appearance of circles in the area of the eyeball on both sides.
In addition, subcutaneous emphysema can sometimes develop. It can be determined with the help of a specific crunch upon palpation (a symptom of crepitation). This indicates the passage of oxygen from the nasal sinuses through the damaged orbital bones into the thickness of the eyelid.
X-rays of the orbits are prescribed for the formation of emphysema, to determine the damage, as this is fraught with infection inside the skull and possible complications (meningitis, encephalitis).
Ptosis (lowering of the eyelid) occurs with severe injuries of the muscle that lifts the eyelid or the innervating nerve (the oculomotor nerve).
Therapy.
With a hematoma of the eyelid, ice is applied to its area, after a day dry heat (UHF, quartz).
Ptosis is treated with the help of electrical procedures and massage. Surgical intervention is carried out after 6 months, by this time the ptosis should regress.
Damage to lacrimal organs and their ducts.
The lacrimal gland is localized in the outer corner of the eye. When it is affected, displacement or dacryoadenitis develops. Characteristic symptoms of this pathology include: edema of the outer part of the upper eyelid; painful sensations in this area; increased secretion of tears and their release.
The ducts of the gland are located in the inner part of the eyelid. Injuries lead to their ruptures, displacements of the lacrimal point and the lacrimal sac. The consequence will be continuous lacrimation.
Treatment.
With dacryoadenitis, rest and warm lotions are prescribed in the affected area. In case of infectious invasion, specific treatment is used.
Ruptures of ducts should be sutured immediately to avoid the formation of scars and constant lacrimation.
Conjunctival disorders.
The striking effect leads to subconjunctival hemorrhage, swelling. They disappear by themselves in a few days, large ones take longer. Sometimes conjunctival tears occur. If the divergence of the edges is up to 5 mm, it will heal itself. Large tears should be sewn up.
Treatment measures.
Disinfectant drops are prescribed, instilled 3 times a day under the lower eyelid.
The surgical intervention consists of applying monofilament sutures, which are removed after six days.
Damage to the orbit of the eye.
All the walls of the eyeball and the optic nerve canal are subject to deformation. The inner wall and bottom of the orbit are considered the weakest points due to the small thickness of the walls. Fractures are most often caused by these.
Injuries provoke a violation of vision, motor functions of the eye with the formation of cosmetic defects on the face. In case of complications, other organs or the whole body are affected (sepsis).
Symptoms can be used for self-diagnosis:
Hematoma combined with skin and conjunctival edema;
Emphysema (accumulation of air under the skin);
Ophthalmoplegia (restricted eye movement);
Diplopia (double vision);
Dislocation of the eyeball. With massive hemorrhage or bone displacement, exophthalmos (displacement of the eye outwards) occurs. Enophthalmos is the result of bone fragments being pushed into the skull.
Violation is felt (from the eyelid to the lower lip), due to the effect on the nerve.
General symptoms: bradycardia (slowing of the heartbeat); vomiting with nausea, as a result of irritating processes on the membranes of the brain along the course of the optic nerve.
Complications include infection with subsequent suppuration, the development of phlegmon, meningitis, brain abscess and sepsis, and ruptures of the eye muscle.
Fractures of the walls of the optic nerve canal are particularly dangerous, as indicated by severe visual disturbances.
In the presence of such symptoms and visible injuries, you should urgently seek help from a medical institution.
Any independent influences and manipulations are prohibited. Attempts to remove the eye, touch or pull something out. This can lead to deterioration of the condition and general picture.
In case of heavy bleeding, a clean handkerchief or other cloth should be applied to the damaged area, pressing is prohibited.
Accurate diagnosis and treatment is carried out only by an experienced ophthalmologist and surgeon.
Diagnosis is carried out with the help of computer tomography, MRI, echography or X-ray of the orbit.
Treatment.
Only surgical. Bone fragments, damaged bones are removed with further replacement with implants.
Untimely referral to a medical institution complicates the treatment and recovery of the patient, due to the development of complications.
