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When walking or running, our feet produce rotating movements, which orthopedists call supination and pronation. Their performance depends on certain muscle groups, which are called supinators and pronators, respectively. In a natural position during movement, the foot makes contact with the ground with the help of the outer part of the heel. If the foot or ankle has deformities, hyperpronation or hypopronation is possible - pathologies in which the foot either turns inward or, on the contrary, receives a load when it comes into contact with the ground exclusively on its outer part.
In practice, the mechanism of pronation and supination looks like this: when touching the ground, the arch of the foot straightens (pronation occurs), and when pushing off the ground, it bends again - and this is called supination.
Features of pronation and supination with foot deformity
If the musculoskeletal system is healthy, the pronation-supination mechanism works like clockwork, providing cushioning of the foot, then with valgus flat feet, this ligament does not work, since the interaction of the pronator and supinator muscles is impaired.
Because of this, the body experiences an increased load on the ligaments, joints and muscles of the legs when walking. As a result, the risk of injury increases. Shoes with a special shock-absorbing insole can reduce this probability.
Because of this, hyper- and hypopronation develops
Doctors associate the malfunction of the muscles and ligaments that provide cushioning with the fact that modern man has moved away from the natural practice of constantly walking barefoot: if in the past people constantly walked barefoot from childhood, and their feet constantly experienced the necessary loads, which trained the pronator muscles and insteps, made them stronger and more developed. Since childhood, a modern person wears shoes with a hard sole that softens the contact with the ground, and accordingly, the muscles do not experience the loads necessary for training. Also, such a pathology is not uncommon after injuries or in the presence of congenital diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
What is an instep and what functions does it perform
The supinator is a special device in the form of a roller, included in the insole, which helps to form the correct arch of the foot so that the pronation-supination mechanism starts to function when walking. Most often, such insteps are installed in special orthopedic shoes.
There are also non-medical insoles - they are used in preventive children's shoes, for example https://medilife.com.ua/reabilitaciya/obuv-ortopedicheskaya/. For the first few years, almost all children's feet do not have a formed arch - it is replaced by a fat cushion that takes care of all the needs for cushioning when walking. Therefore, children under the age of two do not need shoes with insteps. Subsequently, for the formation of the correct arch shape, it is recommended to use shoes with an instep for preventive purposes.
Therapeutic supinator-podsvodniki are designed and created according to individual standards for each child. They are used to correct the incorrect position of the arch and fix the foot in the correct position.
The main functions of supinatorov therapeutic action
- Correction of the arch of the foot;
- Bringing muscles and ligaments to the anatomical position;
- Softening of shocks during movement;
- Ensuring stability.
A properly selected instep can solve the problem of supination-pronation disorders when walking and correct not too severe pathologies of the foot. In complex medical cases, the supinator becomes part of a treatment program aimed at correcting deformities.
