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Studying the behavior of ants could provide a key to solving urban transport problems, particularly congestion. Researchers from the University of Trento, using deep learning algorithms, studied the movement of ants on trails and discovered unique collective strategies that allow them to move efficiently even at high densities.
Ants avoid traffic jams by following three basic principles: forming platoons, maintaining a constant speed, and not overtaking. They follow pheromone trails created by colony leaders and coordinate through chemical signals. As Professor Marco Guerrieri noted, ants are able to effectively manage bidirectional flow, which is a challenge for human transport.
The results of the study suggest that these natural principles can be applied to the design of autonomous vehicle (CAV) propulsion systems. Just as ants communicate through pheromones, autonomous cars could use advanced communication technologies to coordinate their movements. This would allow them to form platoons with minimal gaps, increasing the speed and efficiency of transport while reducing emissions.
However, the study has its limitations. It focused on a single species of ant and a single stretch of straight trail without complex intersections. Furthermore, the findings are still theoretical, as real-world data for CAV technologies are lacking. Nevertheless, the study demonstrates the potential of nature as an inspiration for creating more efficient and sustainable transportation systems.
