
According to the World Health Organization, one or another type of abdominal hernia is diagnosed in 3-4% of the population!
A hernia is the area where an internal organ covered with peritoneum protrudes under the outer covering of the body or into another cavity. The disease can be congenital or acquired. According to the WHO, one or another of its varieties is diagnosed in 3-4% of the population, more often in men. The risk group includes children younger than 1 year, as well as people aged 10-40. Inguinal varieties are considered the most common (75%). The second place is occupied by femoral and postoperative type of pathology. Symptoms of abdominal hernia differ depending on the nature of the disease and the presence of complications.
Pakhova
A typical sign is the sudden appearance of a bulky bulge in the groin area. As a rule, this is preceded by physical exertion. Men complain of discomfort when walking, soreness in the affected area. During the examination, asymmetry of the lower abdominal regions is revealed. When inserting a finger into the inguinal canal, it is possible to get it behind the horizontal branch of the pubic bone. This indicates a reduced tone of the back wall.
Symptoms of abdominal hernia in women are somewhat different. Due to anatomical features, it is not possible to insert a finger into the canal. The diagnosis is made on the basis of the results of an external examination. A defining feature: a decrease in the size of the protrusion when the patient is in a horizontal position and its increase when the patient is vertical. Percussion over the pathological zone reveals tympanitis.
Pupkova
It is formed in the first 6 months of life, when the umbilical ring is not yet fully formed or is congenital. The symptoms of an abdominal hernia are determined: a protrusion in the navel area, which disappears when pressed with a finger, and then forms again. The size of the hernia sac varies from a few millimeters to 2-3 cm. It increases during screaming, tension of the anterior abdominal wall.
The child is restless, capricious, tearful. He reacts negatively to touching the navel, which indicates pain. Pathology usually occurs after diseases accompanied by intense coughing or other phenomena that increase intra-abdominal pressure. Children who suffer from whooping cough, dysentery, and constipation are at risk.
White line
Symptoms of abdominal hernia along the white line in women and men do not differ. There are complaints of pain in the epigastric area, which intensifies when straining, after eating. During inspection and palpation, a protrusion is revealed, which can be located above the navel, near it or in the lower parts of the front surface of the body. When the focus is large, nausea, sometimes vomiting occurs. Excessive physical activity, pregnancy, chronic constipation, and ascites are among the factors that increase the likelihood of the disease.
Post-operative
They are formed at the site of cavity surgical interventions when the internal sutures that fasten the aponeurosis are not fully functional. In addition, the risk of hernia protrusion occurs if the wound was not completely sutured and the abdominal cavity was tamponed. In 68% of cases, it is diagnosed in men who do not follow the doctor's recommendation to limit exercise. Also, the probability of development of pathology is high in women with a weak muscular frame.
The clinical picture resembles a hernia of the white line. At the site of the operation, it is created, which increases in size during loading. When palpating the pathological area, patients complain of pain. Symptoms of intestinal dyspepsia, discomfort may be present. In rare cases, there is an increase in body temperature to subfebrile values, constipation.
Stegnova
Symptoms of a femoral abdominal hernia are usually found in women. This is due to the insufficient strength of the inguinal ligament and the increased expressiveness of vascular and muscle lacunae. During the physical examination of the patient, a protrusion is diagnosed immediately below the inguinal ligament, on the inner part of the upper third of the thigh. The size of the formation is usually small, which allows you to remove it without problems. A positive symptom of a coughing fit appears. Women complain of discomfort and moderate pain when walking.
Internal
Occurs when organs are displaced in the pocket and slit of the parietal peritoneum or in the chest cavity through the diaphragm. They are formed in the case of congenital pathology of development or after surgical interventions. They often remain undiagnosed due to the lack of pronounced symptoms. Diaphragmatic hernias lead to difficulty breathing, sagging of the anterior abdominal wall, displacement of heart sounds in the healthy direction, which is detected during auscultation. They are detected with the help of ultrasound and radiography.
Complicated
A typical complication is restriction of protrusion by muscle layers or fecal masses. At the same time, the symptoms of abdominal hernia are sharply aggravated. It becomes impossible to practice it. There is pain, a clinic of acute intestinal obstruction. The focus is compacted, tense, the patient's sharp reaction to palpation is noted. Provocative factors: physical exertion, act of defecation, cough.
In severe cases, the patient develops a shock clinic. There is depression of consciousness, paleness or marbling of the skin, acrocyanosis, a critical decrease in blood pressure, tachycardia, which is replaced by bradycardia. Against the background of the development of necrosis of a pinched organ (usually the intestine), peritonitis may occur. There is a positive Shttkin-Blumberg symptom, muscle tension, palpitations, significant increase in pain. Such phenomena are more common in men, as they tend to endure pain longer and avoid visiting a medical institution.