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They studied the genome of tiny creatures.
When researchers from several institutes across China scrutinized the genome of a new species, Hypsibius henanensis, discovered six years ago, they found 14701 protein-coding genes, of which 4436 (30,2%) were unique to tardigrades.
The scientists also exposed the tadpoles to radiation to see how it would affect gene expression and protein production. They also wanted to find out what "superpowers" these genes could give tadpoles.
“Studies of several species of tardigrades have documented that they are the most radiation-resistant animals on Earth. They show resistance to gamma radiation up to 3000–5000 Gray (Gy), which is about 1000 times the lethal dose for humans,” the researchers wrote in their paper.
The scientists discovered that a gene called DODA1, potentially passed on from bacteria, produces pigments known as betalains, and they help neutralize harmful molecules generated by radiation. In addition, the DNA of the tadpoles was repaired faster than usual, thanks to a protein specific to these creatures, TRID1.
The researchers also found that the tadpoles had increased production of two other proteins, BCS1 and NDUFB8 (which also help with energy supply).
Most of these characteristics of tardigrades were already known, but the new analysis has provided a better understanding of what exactly is going on and how these tiny creatures can be so resilient.
The three described processes combined together help to protect the tardigrade from the dangerous effects of radiation. In the course of further research, scientists want to see exactly how these protective measures are manifested in different species of tadpoles.
