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Chinese planetary scientists discovered for the first time that there is graphene on the surface of the Moon, a two-dimensional material made of carbon atoms. On Earth, it is synthesized in laboratories, because thanks to its mechanical and electronic properties, graphene finds many applications in electronics, construction and energy systems. On the Moon, according to the discoverers, graphene was formed as a result of ancient volcanic eruptions. So far, it has not been possible to accurately estimate the graphene reserves on the Moon, but it is likely that it will be enough to use it in the construction of bases for astronauts. These are the conclusions of scientists published in the magazine National Science Review.
How was the material discovered?
The discovery was made thanks to the analysis of soil samples from the Moon, which delivered Chang'e-5 mission in 2020. Spectroscopy of a sample measuring only 2,9 by 1,6 millimeters revealed iron-containing carbon compounds associated with the process of graphene formation. Further analysis confirmed that the carbon in the sample is graphene flakes stacked in 2-7 layers. Moreover, they were not formed as exfoliation from graphite — another carbon mineral — but were actually synthesized with the participation of high temperatures. According to scientists, suitable conditions could have been created by volcanism, which lasted during the first years of the Moon's existence.
Among other mechanisms for the appearance of graphene on the Moon, planetary scientists also considered the influence of the solar wind interacting with iron-containing substances on the satellite, as well as meteorite impacts that could locally create areas of high pressure and temperature. Either way, the discovery points to a new resource that can be tapped on the moon, allowing future astronauts to rely less on supplies from Earth.
