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Septic tanks are local rather than industrial wastewater treatment facilities, and are therefore intended for small volumes of the same water, so they are most widespread when creating an autonomous sewage system for country houses and country houses. Currently, a huge number of models of septic tanks have been developed that purify water to varying degrees (from 60 to 98%), therefore buy a septic tank it's quite simple for your home.
Septic tanks can function both with electricity and pump sewage through them by gravity. The method of water purification will also differ, which can be both aerobic and anaerobic. In the first case, waste water is cleaned by bacteria, whose life activity is possible only in the presence of oxygen. In the second, on the contrary, ego deficit or complete absence is required.
Let's consider the operation of a standard three-chamber septic tank. Usually, the septic tank is made of polypropylene or fiberglass. These materials have proven themselves to be strong and durable, not afraid of corrosion. In addition, it is very difficult to depressurize such a septic tank, that is, it will break its integrity, which is extremely important for its smooth and safe operation.
So, the wastewater enters the septic tank through the sewer pipes and enters the receiving chamber, where the first stage of water purification takes place, which consists in the mechanical separation of the polluted from the liquid. Heavy particles and impurities fall into the sediment, and light particles, which are also called surface-active substances, float to the surface, forming a film. Water remains between them and enters the next chamber through the transition hole. Of course, some of the contaminated will inevitably end up in the second chamber, but here they will be met by bacteria.
With the aerobic method of wastewater treatment, special bacteria will oxidize and decompose dangerous organic compounds, forming the so-called activated sludge. For normal and efficient operation, this chamber will be constantly enriched with oxygen, which will significantly accelerate oxidation processes. There is a kind of forced ventilation, which is carried out when electricity is used.
If the method of anaerobic wastewater treatment is used, the purification processes take place already in the absence of free oxygen. Such conditions are created in septic tanks of a special design, where anaerobic fermentation takes place in the chamber, in which organic compounds are also efficiently decomposed by special anaerobic bacteria. At the same time, the use of electricity is not required, that is, the septic tank is completely energy-independent.
However, anaerobic water purification is not as effective as aerobic water purification, so additional purification is required, which is carried out by the method of soil filtration, or a special biofilter is used. A septic tank with a biofilter is much more expensive than an ordinary one, although it is much cheaper than an ozonation station, but it is more effective. Biofilters are also divided into anaerobic and aerobic. In each septic tank during operation, sediment is inevitably formed, which is pumped out approximately once an hour with the help of a sewage machine or an airlift included in the construction of the septic tank. It is noteworthy that the sediment is harmless and is used as a garden soil fertilizer.
A large model and price variety allows the consumer to make the right choice of a septic tank, create a safe and comfortable living in his country house, without polluting the environment with his active life.
